Texture

 

텍스쳐를 사용하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 준비가 필요하다.

1. IDirect3DTexture9인터페이스 선언
2. 텍스처 좌표를 갖는 정점 선언
3. 텍스처 생성( 일반적으로 파일을 로드하여 생성하지만 라이트 맵핑 등의 기법에서는 텍스처를 직접 생성하기도 한다. )
4. 텍스처 스테이지 설정
5. 그려질 텍스처 지정
6. 메시 그리기

->
1.
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_pTexture = NULL;
2.
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
 D3DXVECTOR3 position; // 3차원 좌표
 D3DcOLOR COLOR;  // 색깔
 FLOAT  tu, tv;  // 텍스처 좌표
};
#define DEDFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX ( D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1 )
3.
D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( g_pd3dDevice, "banana.bmp", &g_pTexture )
4.
g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_MODULATE );
5.
g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, g_pTexture );
6.
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2 * 50 - 2 )

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: Textures.cpp
//
// Desc: Better than just lights and materials, 3D objects look much more
//       convincing when texture-mapped. Textures can be thought of as a sort
//       of wallpaper, that is shrinkwrapped to fit a texture. Textures are
//       typically loaded from image files, and D3DX provides a utility to
//       function to do this for us. Like a vertex buffer, textures have
//       Lock() and Unlock() functions to access (read or write) the image
//       data. Textures have a width, height, miplevel, and pixel format. The
//       miplevel is for "mipmapped" textures, an advanced performance-
//       enhancing feature which uses lower resolutions of the texture for
//       objects in the distance where detail is less noticeable. The pixel
//       format determines how the colors are stored in a texel. The most
//       common formats are the 16-bit R5G6B5 format (5 bits of red, 6-bits of
//       green and 5 bits of blue) and the 32-bit A8R8G8B8 format (8 bits each
//       of alpha, red, green, and blue).
//
//       Textures are associated with geometry through texture coordinates.
//       Each vertex has one or more sets of texture coordinates, which are
//       named tu and tv and range from 0.0 to 1.0. Texture coordinates can be
//       supplied by the geometry, or can be automatically generated using
//       Direct3D texture coordinate generation (which is an advanced feature).
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <Windows.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global variables
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPDIRECT3D9             g_pD3D       = NULL; // Used to create the D3DDevice
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9       g_pd3dDevice = NULL; // Our rendering device
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVB        = NULL; // Buffer to hold vertices
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9      g_pTexture   = NULL; // Our texture

// A structure for our custom vertex type. We added texture coordinates
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    D3DXVECTOR3 position; // The position
    D3DCOLOR    color;    // The color
#ifndef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
    FLOAT       tu, tv;   // The texture coordinates
#endif
};

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure
#ifdef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
#else
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE|D3DFVF_TEX1)
#endif

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitD3D()
// Desc: Initializes Direct3D
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd )
{
    // Create the D3D object.
    if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice. Since we are now
    // using more complex geometry, we will create a device with a zbuffer.
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;

    // Create the D3DDevice
    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
                                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                                      &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    // Turn off culling
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE );

    // Turn off D3D lighting
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE );

    // Turn on the zbuffer
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE );

    return S_OK;
}

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitGeometry()
// Desc: Create the textures and vertex buffers
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitGeometry()
{
    // Use D3DX to create a texture from a file based image
    if( FAILED( D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( g_pd3dDevice, "banana.bmp", &g_pTexture ) ) )
    {
        // If texture is not in current folder, try parent folder
        if( FAILED( D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( g_pd3dDevice, "..\\banana.bmp", &g_pTexture ) ) )
        {
            MessageBox(NULL, "Could not find banana.bmp", "Textures.exe", MB_OK);
            return E_FAIL;
        }
    }

    // Create the vertex buffer.
    if( FAILED( g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 50*2*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
                                                  0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
                                                  D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB, NULL ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    // Fill the vertex buffer. We are setting the tu and tv texture
    // coordinates, which range from 0.0 to 1.0
    CUSTOMVERTEX* pVertices;
    if( FAILED( g_pVB->Lock( 0, 0, (void**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;
    for( DWORD i=0; i<50; i++ )
    {
        FLOAT theta = (2*D3DX_PI*i)/(50-1);

        pVertices[2*i+0].position = D3DXVECTOR3( sinf(theta),-1.0f, cosf(theta) );
        pVertices[2*i+0].color    = 0xffffffff;
// SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI가 선언되어 있으면 텍스처 좌표를 생성하지 않는다.
#ifndef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
  // 텍스처의 u좌표 0/49 , 1/49 , 2/49, ... 49/49( 즉, 0.0 ~ 1.0 )  
        pVertices[2*i+0].tu       = ((FLOAT)i)/(50-1);
  // 텍스처의 v좌표 0.0
        pVertices[2*i+0].tv       = 1.0f;
#endif

        pVertices[2*i+1].position = D3DXVECTOR3( sinf(theta), 1.0f, cosf(theta) );
        pVertices[2*i+1].color    = 0xff808080;
#ifndef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
        pVertices[2*i+1].tu       = ((FLOAT)i)/(50-1);
        pVertices[2*i+1].tv       = 0.0f;
#endif
    }
    g_pVB->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Cleanup()
// Desc: Releases all previously initialized objects
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID Cleanup()
{
    if( g_pTexture != NULL )
        g_pTexture->Release();

    if( g_pVB != NULL )
        g_pVB->Release();

    if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL )
        g_pd3dDevice->Release();

    if( g_pD3D != NULL )
        g_pD3D->Release();
}

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: SetupMatrices()
// Desc: Sets up the world, view, and projection transform matrices.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID SetupMatrices()
{
    // For our world matrix, we will just leave it as the identity
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matWorld;
    D3DXMatrixIdentity( &matWorld );
    D3DXMatrixRotationX( &matWorld, timeGetTime()/1000.0f );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );

    // Set up our view matrix. A view matrix can be defined given an eye point,
    // a point to lookat, and a direction for which way is up. Here, we set the
    // eye five units back along the z-axis and up three units, look at the
    // origin, and define "up" to be in the y-direction.
    D3DXVECTOR3 vEyePt( 0.0f, 3.0f,-5.0f );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vLookatPt( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vUpVec( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matView;
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &vEyePt, &vLookatPt, &vUpVec );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );

    // For the projection matrix, we set up a perspective transform (which
    // transforms geometry from 3D view space to 2D viewport space, with
    // a perspective divide making objects smaller in the distance). To build
    // a perpsective transform, we need the field of view (1/4 pi is common),
    // the aspect ratio, and the near and far clipping planes (which define at
    // what distances geometry should be no longer be rendered).
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matProj;
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DX_PI/4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
}

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Render()
// Desc: Draws the scene
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID Render()
{
    // Clear the backbuffer and the zbuffer
    g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
                         D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0 );

    // Begin the scene
    if( SUCCEEDED( g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )
    {
        // Setup the world, view, and projection matrices
        SetupMatrices();

        // Setup our texture. Using textures introduces the texture stage states,
        // which govern how textures get blended together (in the case of multiple
        // textures) and lighting information. In this case, we are modulating
        // (blending) our texture with the diffuse color of the vertices.
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, g_pTexture );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLOROP,   D3DTOP_MODULATE );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP,   D3DTOP_DISABLE );

    #ifdef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
        // Note: to use D3D texture coordinate generation, use the stage state
        // D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX, as shown below. In this example, we are using
        // the position of the vertex in camera space to generate texture
        // coordinates. The tex coord index (TCI) parameters are passed into a
        // texture transform, which is a 4x4 matrix which transforms the x,y,z
        // TCI coordinates into tu, tv texture coordinates.

        // In this example, the texture matrix is setup to
        // transform the texture from (-1,+1) position coordinates to (0,1)
        // texture coordinate space:
        //    tu =  0.5*x + 0.5
        //    tv = -0.5*y + 0.5
        D3DXMATRIXA16 mat;
        mat._11 = 0.25f; mat._12 = 0.00f; mat._13 = 0.00f; mat._14 = 0.00f;
        mat._21 = 0.00f; mat._22 =-0.25f; mat._23 = 0.00f; mat._24 = 0.00f;
        mat._31 = 0.00f; mat._32 = 0.00f; mat._33 = 1.00f; mat._34 = 0.00f;
        mat._41 = 0.50f; mat._42 = 0.50f; mat._43 = 0.00f; mat._44 = 1.00f;

        g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS, D3DTTFF_COUNT2 );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX, D3DTSS_TCI_CAMERASPACEPOSITION );
    #endif

        // Render the vertex buffer contents
        g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
        g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );
        g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2*50-2 );

        // End the scene
        g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
    }

    // Present the backbuffer contents to the display
    g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: MsgProc()
// Desc: The window's message handler
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
    switch( msg )
    {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            Cleanup();
            PostQuitMessage( 0 );
            return 0;
    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}

 

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WinMain()
// Desc: The application's entry point
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT )
{
    // Register the window class
    WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L, 0L,
                      GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                      "D3D Tutorial", NULL };
    RegisterClassEx( &wc );

    // Create the application's window
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "D3D Tutorial", "D3D Tutorial 05: Textures",
                              WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 300, 300,
                              GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL );

    // Initialize Direct3D
    if( SUCCEEDED( InitD3D( hWnd ) ) )
    {
        // Create the scene geometry
        if( SUCCEEDED( InitGeometry() ) )
        {
            // Show the window
            ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT );
            UpdateWindow( hWnd );

            // Enter the message loop
            MSG msg;
            ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof(msg) );
            while( msg.message!=WM_QUIT )
            {
                if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE ) )
                {
                    TranslateMessage( &msg );
                    DispatchMessage( &msg );
                }
                else
                    Render();
            }
        }
    }

    UnregisterClass( "D3D Tutorial", wc.hInstance );
    return 0;
}